翻訳と辞書
Words near each other
・ "O" Is for Outlaw
・ "O"-Jung.Ban.Hap.
・ "Ode-to-Napoleon" hexachord
・ "Oh Yeah!" Live
・ "Our Contemporary" regional art exhibition (Leningrad, 1975)
・ "P" Is for Peril
・ "Pimpernel" Smith
・ "Polish death camp" controversy
・ "Pro knigi" ("About books")
・ "Prosopa" Greek Television Awards
・ "Pussy Cats" Starring the Walkmen
・ "Q" Is for Quarry
・ "R" Is for Ricochet
・ "R" The King (2016 film)
・ "Rags" Ragland
・ ! (album)
・ ! (disambiguation)
・ !!
・ !!!
・ !!! (album)
・ !!Destroy-Oh-Boy!!
・ !Action Pact!
・ !Arriba! La Pachanga
・ !Hero
・ !Hero (album)
・ !Kung language
・ !Oka Tokat
・ !PAUS3
・ !T.O.O.H.!
・ !Women Art Revolution


Dictionary Lists
翻訳と辞書 辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ]
スポンサード リンク

Staniša Crnojević : ウィキペディア英語版
Skenderbeg Crnojević

Staniša ''"Stanko"'' Crnojević (Montenegrin & (ボスニア語:Станиша „Станко“ Црнојевић); 1457–1528) was a member of the Crnojević noble family that held the Lordship of Zeta; Stanko was the heir to Ivan I Crnojević, who ruled from 1465 to 1490. In 1485 his father sent him to the Ottoman sultan to guarantee his loyalty, as an Ottoman vassal. Stanko converted into Islam and received the name ''Skender'', hence he is also known as Skenderbeg Crnojević, and became the Ottoman sanjakbey of the Sanjak of Montenegro in 1514–1528.〔Denkschriften, p. 46〕 He is enumerated in Montenegrin epic poetry, in which he is sometimes known as Maksim.〔Fleming, p. 55〕
==Life==
Staniša (nickname: "''Stanko''") was born in Upper Zeta (corresponding roughly to the southern half of Cetinje municipality, Montenegro), which at the time was a nominal vassal of the Republic of Venice, under ''Great Voivode'' Stefan I Crnojević (r. 1451–1465), Stanko's grandfather. The Crnojević family was Serbian Orthodox Christian.
His father Ivan I Crnojević succeeded as the Lord of Zeta from 1465 to 1490. His mother Gojisava was a daughter of George Arianites. Stanko was the youngest〔Pavlovic, p. 32〕 of three brothers, his elder brothers were Đurađ Crnojević (Đorđe) and Stefan II Crnojević.〔Yugoslav review, p. 4〕 By 1474, the Ottomans, who had already conquered Serbia and much of Albania, took Upper Zeta.〔Zlatar, p. 460〕 Ivan failed to obtain Venetian military supplies, and to sustain an alliance with Vlatko Vuković, which saw his domains in Herzegovina fell to the Turks with the siege of Herceg Novi.〔 Vlatko then turned against Ivan, and overran much of Zeta, including Žabljak in 1478, and Scutari in 1479.〔 Ivan fled to his coastline in 1479, and managed to return in 1481 following the death of Mehmed the Conqueror.〔 The new Ottoman sultan Bayezid II faced revolts in Albania, and did not want to face the same in the recently conquered Zeta.〔
The disagreements between the three Crnojević brothers proved fatal for Zeta, as it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire.〔 In 1485, Stanko, disillusioned by the impossibility to succeed his father, went to Bayezid II in Istanbul and converted into Islam, receiving the name ''Skender''.〔〔Šekularac, p. 99〕 According to Zlatar, Ivan offered vassalage to Bayezid II, who accepted, but also took Stanko as his hostage.〔 Ivan Crnojević lost his independence in foreign affairs, but retained complete autonomy at home.〔 Ivan relocated his capital from destroyed Žabljak to Cetinje,〔 where the Serbian Orthodox Metropolitanate of Zeta was to be seated (Eparchy of Cetinje).
Ivan was succeeded by Đorđe in 1490, who only ruled for six years; he conspired with Western rulers against Bayezid II in 1496, and was forced to leave the country after the Sultan had learnt this.〔 Stefan hoped to succeed, but Bayezid II incorporated Zeta into the Ottoman Empire (known in Turkish as ''karadag'' - "Black Mountain", from Venetian ''Montenegro''), and ended the history of medieval Zeta.〔 The Ottomans administrated Montenegro as any other newly conquered territory, though they were careful not to antagonize the local nobility.〔 That is why they appointed Stanko as ''pasha''.〔
Skender, henceforth known as ''Skenderbeg Crnojević'', was appointed ''sanjakbey'' of Montenegro and the neighbouring Albanian tribes in 1513, under Selim I.〔〔 The next year, 1514, Bayezid II designated Montenegro a separate region (sanjak).〔 He nominally ruled the region until 1528, but failed to subject the Montenegrin tribes to his authority.〔 The tribes of Old Montenegro were since 1519 under the rule of the Serbian Orthodox Metropolitans of Zeta.〔
In a defter from 1523, he is mentioned as having 2,100 ''akıncı'' in the Crmnica region.〔Franetović-Bûre, p. 420〕
Skenderbeg Crnojević ruled from his capital at Cetinje. During the reign of Selim I, he was known as one of the most prominent Muslim administrators of Slavic origins in the northern reaches of the Ottoman Empire. Staniša Crnojević is known to have commanded an army of approximately 3,000 Akıncı, and he maintained correspondence with neighboring contemporaries, such as Gazi Husrev-beg.
The last mention of Skenderbeg Crnojević is the Vranjina edict (Vranjinska povelja) which he wrote in 1527, confirming the rights of the Vranjina Monastery.〔Pavlovic, p. 60〕

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
ウィキペディアで「Skenderbeg Crnojević」の詳細全文を読む



スポンサード リンク
翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース

Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.